0:28:56 France [Member]

Minister for Europe and Foreign Affairs, national statement

0:28:56 I will now make a statement in my capacity as the minister for Europe and foreign affairs of France. ministers, ladies and gentlemen. Uh 60 years ago in 2001, a space odyssey, Stanley Kubri imagined HAL 9000, an artificial intelligence that stopped obeying its creators and which eliminated members of the crew of the spaceship where it was located in order to accomplish its mission. For a long time, this seemed belonged to the realm of science fiction. But this summer, it nearly became a reality when open AI models circumvented the controls isolating them from the internet, coordinated amongst themselves, and compromised part of Hugging Faces infrastructure. In another instance, anthropic agents collaborated without being instructed by any human to do so and attempted to deploy malicious code by creating fake identities.

0:29:57 Yes, the scaling up of AI models have led to the emergence of unanticipated capacities at an unexpected pace which pose risks to international security. That is why France has convened this meeting of the United Nations Security POW Security Council and invited the heads of the main companies concerned. Technology as I have said has reached a level of development that now directly impacts international peace and security. It therefore falls within the pure view of this council. Cohorts of agents are operating without any human oversight. Others are operating beyond the framework in which they were tested. And with these new capabilities comes a first risk that we might lose control of the systems that we have created. A risk that has already been pointed out by the previous briefers. The second risk stems from humanity itself.

0:30:59 Artificial intelligence can make complex technical skills often dual use skills more accessible in these cyber, biological and chemical domains as well as in the field of disinformation. The third risk relates to autonomous weapons capable of using lethal force without any form of human control. While the development of artificial intelligence in the military domain may offer positive opportunities, as the president of the republic stated before the general assembly yesterday, the challenges regarding compliance with international humanitarian law, in particular those raised by the development and use of lethal autonomous weapons systems, illustrate the need to agree on a common framework. All of these challenges require that the United Nations Security Council also address the challenges that AI poses to international peace and security. These challenges also lead to the question now being raised by the industry itself as well as its main representatives.

0:32:06 How can we prevent the development of the most advanced models from outpacing our ability to understand and manage the risks they create? France is convinced of the immense possibilities offered by artificial intelligence. When used responsibly, artificial intelligence tools can support education, access to justice, healthc care, scientific research, and create colossal benefits for all of humanity. But in order for these possibilities to become a reality, advances in these capabilities must be accompanied by equivalent progress in our ability to understand, assess, and manage the risks they give rise to. Both must advance at the same pace. We must also take the time to assess the consequences of the spread of artificial intelligence for human dignity, a principle enshrined at the heart of the United Nations charter.

0:33:11 And indeed, the rapid pace of technological development raises risks that we can no longer ignore. financial risk left solely to the whims of the invisible hand of the market and the clash of powers with massive reliance on debt to finance colossal investments. The AI bubble could seriously destabilize the global economy. There's the social risk as you point out in the report of the independent scientific panel on AI. Mr. artificial intelligence could impact the labor market deeply and exacerbate inequalities. Finally, there is the environmental risk. The development of artificial intelligence consumes increasing amount of energy and water resources to the detriment of other uses. Let us not fool ourselves. Our fellow citizens are concerned and the protests already sparked by the construction of data centers demonstrate this.

0:34:12 If we ignore the full range of repercussions that the development of AI will have on our societies, the anger of our fellow citizens will continue to grow and risk hindering the adoption of positive uses of these technologies. Ladies and gentlemen, ultimately the international community will need to establish a common framework to manage the risks associated with frontier AI models. We support the call issued this week by Norway and Finland. We are not starting from scratch. The many efforts now emerging along with existing forums should enable us to address four major challenges. The challenge of independently evaluating models before they're made available and throughout their life cycle. The challenge of ensuring transparency regarding how models function but also how they malfunction particularly in the event of an incident. The challenge of internal and external oversight over models functioning, their alignment and cyber security requirements from training through deployment.

0:35:15 And finally the issue of accountability and particularly legal liability of AI companies in the event of an incident including during the development phase. It would be wrong to think that the solution lies in closed models and they're controlled by a handful of businesses. The openness of models is in fact a key driver of trust and security. It allows the scientific community to examine how they work to identify their vulnerabilities and ensure greater diversity among models which is the foundation of resilience. As a permanent member of the security council and a state that possesses this technology, France will play its full part in building a collective framework that guarantees our security while allowing us to benefit from the immense progress that artificial intelligence can bring. In 2025, France hosted a summit for action on AI.

0:36:18 It supports the international network of AI safety institutes to involve more countries in defining common evaluation methods. France has already helped create international forums for discussions on the subject such as the global partnership on artificial intelligence, the coalition for sustainable AI, and the coalition for children's rights and protection in the age of AI, which the president of the republic convened yesterday here in New York, a coalition that will meet again during the Paris Forum for Peace. Ladies and gentlemen, by way of conclusion, in 1945, the dawn of the atomic age confronted humanity with a power whose possibilities and perils it was discovering simultaneously. Humanity had to devise rules, institutions and instruments commendurate with that power and that is the international atomic energy agency and the non-prololiferation treaty.

0:37:20 Just as with the atom back then, the international community must now regulate AI in order to make the most of its potential and avert the worst. We are now facing a moment of this very nature. The potential for transformation and disruption posed by AI such that it cannot be left in the hands of a few private actors in a handful of countries. It is a democratic challenge and this is something to be taken up by peoples and states. So let us work together within the UN framework and with the private sector to define the rules for this new age to strengthen our safeguards without delay and to establish global governance for artificial intelligence to benefit our collective security but also the human person and human dignity.

0:38:18 Pakistan [Member]

Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Ishaq Dar

0:38:18 Thank you Mr. President. I thank France for convening this uh meeting today and also appreciate the briefers for their invaluable insights. Artificial intelligence is increasingly transforming all areas of life with deep impact on societies, economies and security. The opportunities are immense but so are the challenges. AI's impact is sharply evident in the context of international and regional peace and stability. As a force multiplier and crosscutting rule use technology, AI is defining the new chapter of modern warfare. The debate has shifted markedly in recent times. Those at the vanguard of AI development have themselves acknowledged that the pace of development of new AI systems could outturn our ability to understand and control them.

0:39:22 Some have called for the frontier to be paced cautiously in order to mitigate catastrophic risks. Mr. President, I will now make following five points. One, the foremost priority is to retain human judgment and control in all stages of AI design, development and integration. Humans must remain in control to define structures of AI systems as well as to limit speed and nature of its future capabilities. Two, we must ensure that AI does not become another facet of the ongoing arms race. Concerted efforts are required to erect the necessary guard rails, regulations, and governance frameworks. In the military domain, we need measures of restraint and confidence building to address the risks of miscalculation and compressed decision-m.

0:40:28 Three, it should not be monopoly of few actors. It should rather serve to address common challenges facing humanity. International collaboration in the development of AI is crucial to ensure that it is representative, comprehensive, transparent and inclusive. Four, AI is supercharging existing challenges such as misinformation, fake news, cyber attacks, including on critical infrastructure by state and non-state actors. We must undertake concrete actions to address the gaps and challenges that carry huge implications for peace and security. Five, unfortunately, rather than focusing on collective opportunity for our shared benefit, some are resorting to putting barriers to technology transfer.

0:41:29 However, as witnessed in case of other technologies, the democratization of AI would be realized eventually. Measures pursued in the name of safety must not become instrument instruments of denial of technology. Mr. President, Pakistan takes the call to pace the AI frontier seriously. We welcome the recognition that no single company or country can manage these risks alone and that competitive pressures are driving a race that no one can win safely. But pacing must not become a new form of gatekeeping. If the speed of the frontier is set by a few among a few while others are held back through restrictions, today's asymmetries and divide would aggravate and a safety agenda would turn into a strategy of technological exclusion.

0:42:31 The risks of uncontrolled AI would be born by all. decisions on how to manage them cannot rest with a handful of companies or capitals. Mr. President, therefore it is critical to avoid fragmentation in AI development and governance, discriminatory agendas and inequitable forums with select representation are not helpful. Importantly, all relevant issues concerning the development and and deployment of AI as well as its broader implication should be taken up comprehensively in representative and inclusive forums with universal participation under the UN opaces. We welcome the convening of the first UN global dialogue on AI governance this year late in Geneva. Mr. President Pakistan extends this support to all collaborative efforts at the international arena to reap benefits of AI and address challenges in a cooperative manner.

0:43:39 In this respect, we were happy to join as founding member of the China's initiative of establishing the World Artificial Intelligence Cooperation Organization as this represents a concrete step towards promoting the development of artificial intelligence for good and for all. Mr. President, for such a wide ranging and fast developing technology, confidence building measures play a vital role in the maintenance of international and regional peace and security. Practical tools designed to reduce mistrust, prevent accidental escalation and manage risk related to military and foundational AI system are necessary for peace and security. Mr. President Pakistan reaffirms its commitment to advance international cooperation in the area of artificial intelligence. We look forward to working closely with member states in efforts to help bridge the global AI divide and promote equitable access to advance peace and development for all. I thank you Mr. President.

0:44:56 Denmark [Member]

Foreign Minister Lars Løkke Rasmussen

0:44:56 President at now said I want to express my appreciation to France and to you foreign minister Bahu for having convened uh what I think is a very very timely session on this uh significant topic. Let me also thank Mr. Benj for briefing us and for your work in the United Nations Scientific Panel on AI. And thank you also Mr. Oldman, Mr. Amod and Mr. Delon in particular as practitioners and and leaders in this field for your insightful reflections. You are at the forefront of the new frontier and we very much welcome your participation today. Today artificial intelligence is constantly developing and reaching capabilities we are only I can only talk for myself but I think also generally speaking we are only beginning to understand. There's no doubt that AIdriven technologies have the opportunity to strengthen and promote international peace and security and development, especially in light of the recent giant leaps forward in the capabilities of AI.

0:46:00 The growing emergence of AI technology offers the potential to support this council's mandate. For instance, to enhance peaceuilding and peacekeeping through information verification, early warning, and in support of planning and operating the missions in areas where the UN is denied access, satellite technology and AI software programs have helped the UN identify patterns of attacks and destruction of essential civilian infrastructure. Such information can play a vital role in alerting the security council. It can help us all to take timely action and prevent crisis from escalating. At the same time, we must recognize the risks presented by the development, use and misuse of new and emerging AI technology, in particular, frontier AI models and lack of human control. This is the aim behind the call for control of frontier AI models initiated by Finland and Norway and already supported by a number of countries including Denmark.

0:47:06 We need global com cooperation on this agenda. Mr. President, the tension between on the one hand the important opportunities and on the other hand the risk defines one of the most urgent challenges of our time and why that's why I think this discussion is very timely. Overcoming these challenge requires global AI governance uh strengthened international cooperation and determined action without widening the global digital divide. The UN's global dialogue on AI governance is an important first step. Governance and regulation of AI are high on Denmark's agenda, including regulation of large uh tech companies. These efforts are not breaks on innovation and growth. They are, I think, essential efforts to ensure that technological progress serves the public interest and humanity in general.

0:48:06 The unprecedented speed of AI innovation demonstrates the need for safeguards to ensure AI systems remain safe, remain secure and trustworthy. Uncontrolled new technology could lead to dangerous and harmful effects. We are already seeing how they pose new threats, including to those who protect civilians in conflict. Above all, the medical mission. So Denmark underlines uh the importance of ensuring the responsible use of AI and that the use of AI is in accordance with international law. In this regard, we call on all states to ensure human control of AI and accountability for the development and use of AI, not least in the military domain where accountability is absolutely essential. Mr. President, Denmark will continue to support the meaningful engagement of the Security Council and promote an inclusive multistakeholder approach to AI governance.

0:49:10 Civil society and the private sector must play leading roles. Science and evidence must always inform our uh policies. We see the independent international scientific panel as an important contribution to credible and evidence-based AI governance. The panel provides us with a common scientific reference point. So, Mr. President, in in in closing, we need to consider how AI can contribute positively to shape international peace and security and bridge global digital divides. At the same time, we must remain cleareyed of the significant risks and start building some strong u guard rails so we can manage the global risk in due time. Thank you.

0:50:13 Panama [Member]

Minister of Foreign Affairs

0:50:13 Thank you, Mr. Minister, Mr. President, we thank France for convening this important meeting. Moreover, we thank Mr. Joshua Benjio, co-chair of the Independent Scientific Panel of the United Nations on Artificial Intelligence, Mr. Sam Alman, CEO of OpenAI, Mr. Dario Amade, CEO of Anthropic, and Mr. Clement Delong, CEO of Hugging Face, for their valuable presentations. Although today's meeting invites us to consider the risks caused and exacerbated by artificial intelligence, for Panama, it is necessary to begin this statement by highlighting its potential to transform the world in which we live. The capacity of these technologies to analyze enormous amounts of information, identify patterns, generate increasingly sophisticated videos, images, and code, to automate tasks, and to support planning and decision-making processes are all evidence of a transformation that is already underway, the scope of which we are barely beginning to understand.

0:51:29 These tools have a wide array of applications that can benefit humanity. In Panama, our own national artificial intelligence strategy is identifying opportunities in sectors such as healthcare, agriculture, education, and logistics where these technologies can offer solutions which just a few years ago would have seemed unimaginable. And it is specifically in this area of progress where if applied to other purposes, we also see the main risks emerging. Artificial intelligence can also be used to amplify disinformation campaigns to allow for cyber attacks against critical infrastructure and to facilitate access to knowledge for the development of weapons among other uses that are already a threat to international security. And these risks are not hypothetical scenarios. We are beginning to see them come to a pass in situations that are directly related to this council.

0:52:32 There are recent reports on the use of artificial intelligence by non-state actors to develop guidance and navigation systems for rockets and missiles. On top of that, there are reports of autonomous weapons being used that are able to navigate and select targets completely independently or with very limited human intervention. It is precisely this growing autonomy which raises one of the most serious concerns that was noted in the concept note for this meeting. That is the possibility that the evolution of these systems could exceed our ability to maintain effective human control of them. There are decisions which by their very nature cannot be reduced to a statistical result, a statistical outcome. When human lives are at stake, it is vital that ethical, legal, and contextual considerations be taken into account which no calculation or algorithmic system can replace. This concern for control is not limited to extreme scenarios.

0:53:36 As we begin to use analysis produced by artificial intelligence to steer and guide our decisions, it is essential that those that are in leadership positions uh be able to understand how these tools have arrived at a certain recommendation, what information underpins that recommendation, and what the margin of error is. Mr. President recognizing the risks of artificial intelligence does not mean ignoring the benefits that this technology is already providing our societies. The challenge is finding a balance that allows us to take advantage of these opportunities while also responding to the risks with uh responsibly. In that regard, Panama recognizes the important role of the International Scientific Panel on artificial intelligence to provide impartial and scientific information that can guide the discussions of the international community on these technologies. Equally, we welcome the initiative of the tech sector actors here present to proactively share information about specific cases of the misuse of these technologies and also about incidents in which their growing autonomy has generated concerns about the possible loss of human control of them.

0:54:55 President, this meeting is evidence that in order to address the range of risks related to artificial intelligence, closer cooperation between states, the tech sector, and other relevant actors will be essential. To that end, it is essential that we establish mechanisms for a more structured and permanent exchange of information on emerging risks, incidents, misuse, and good practices. artificial intelligence will inevitably continue to evolve and continue to transform the world in which we live and the testimonies that we've heard today are evidence of that. Our responsibility is to make sure that this progress continues to be in the service of people and that it contributes to the construction of safer, more peaceful, more prosperous societies with a perspective of equity that allows all of the nations of the world including the global south to participate and benefit from its development. Thank you very much.

0:56:10 Greece [Member]

Deputy Minister for Digital Governance and AI

0:56:10 Mr. President, I wish to begin by thanking France along along with the briefers for their remarks and for bringing to the attention of the security council the crucial issue of the link between the rapid technological advances in the field of AI and international peace and security. a subject that we will also tackle during our presidency. AI is already changing the way we think about international peace and security. It can help us prevent conflict, improve early warning, and make UN operations more effective. But it also create risks that we are only beginning to understand. For Greece, our starting point is clear. AI must remain humanentric, secure, and trustworthy. It development and use must respect international law including the UN charter, international humanitarian law and international human rights law and human responsibility and accountability must remain at the center of our approach. Our national approach combines innovation with governance.

0:57:13 Greece has established the special secretariat for AI and data governance, implemented the national law for the EU AI act and is investing in strategic infrastructure including the supercomputer and the faros AI factory. In April 2025 together with France and the Republic of Korea, Greece organized an area formula meeting on harnessing safe, inclusive and trustworthy AI for the maintenance of international peace and security. Today's discussion give us an opportunity to take that conversation further. Allow me to make three points. First, we need to better understand the risks. AI can process enormous amounts of information and help us make better informed decisions. But speed is not always an advantage. In situations of crisis, AI can compress the time available for decisions and encourage excessive reliance on automated outputs. As AI increasingly enters decision-m processes, we must ensure that greater speed does not come at the expense of sound human judgment.

0:58:22 These concerns become even more serious when AI enters military decision-m. Technology can assist human judgment. It cannot replace it. Responsibility and accountability for critical decisions must always remain human. Nowhere in is this more important than in the nuclear domain. We must be extremely cautious about not integrating AI into nuclear command and control. The risk of miscalculation and unintended escalation are simply too great. Decisions of such consequence must remain under human control. Second, we need practical ways to reduce these risks. This starts with dialogue. We need greater transparency, confidence building, and a better common understanding of how international law applies to the development and use of AI. Important work is already under way. The reaim process and the political declaration responsible military use of AI and autonomy have helped advance the international discussion on responsible military uses of AI.

0:59:28 The United Nations has an essential role in bringing these different efforts together. The Security Council also has a role to play not in regulating technology and not in duplicating the work of other UN bodies. Our responsibility is to understand what these technologies mean for international peace and security and to act when those implications fall within our mandate. Third, addressing risk should not mean holding back innovation. We should make use of the opportunities AI provides while putting appropriate safeguards in place and we cannot have this discussion without those who develop and use these technologies. We therefore support close engagement with academia, civil society and the private sector alongside states and the United Nations. Such engagement should be inclusive, geographically representative and gender balanced. Mr. President, AI will increasingly affect international peace and security.

1:00:31 We cannot stop technological change, nor should we seek to. But we can work together to ensure that human beings remain responsible for decisions that matter most. For Greece, this means keeping international law, human responsibility, and accountability at the center of our approach. It also means keeping this council focused on its primarily responsibility, the maintenance of international peace and security. So Greece will continue to work with all members of the council towards this objective. Thank you.

1:01:21 Somalia [Member]

State Minister for Foreign Affairs Ali Mohamed Omar

1:01:21 Mr. President, I thank France for convening this timely debate. I also thank Mr. Banio, Oldman, Almadeo, and Dingua for their insightful briefing. Artificial intelligence is no longer only a technological or a developmental issue. is our current reality. Rapidly transforming society, economies and our approach to peace and security. It is role in a cyber operationist disinformation, critical infrastructure and military decision making places it firmly within the United Nations mandate. We must prevent AI from becoming a driver of a conflict while actively supporting its responsible use in early warning, crisis prevention, peacekeeping, humanitarian action and civilian protection. In that vein, four core principles should guide us. Number one, first a human responsibility must remain absolute.

1:02:26 AI must operate strictly within the framework of international law, the purposes and the principles of the UN charter and the respect of her human rights and human dignity. States cannot delegate legal, ethical and moral accountability to an algorithmist. We welcome the declaration affirming that AI must remain under a human direction, insight and control. This principle is indispensable in decision involving the use of force, autonomous weapon system and nuclear command and control. Second, safety must must come before a deployment. Recent incidents involving AI agent reportedly bypassing safeguards. Concealing their actionist and obtaining unauthorized access raises a serious question about whether existing controllers can keep base with the increasing autonomous systems.

1:03:30 Private companies develop and control many of these systems. But commercial incentives cannot determine how much risky a human must accept. We therefore support a mandatory incident reporting layered technical safeguards, independent audits and measures to mitigate algorithmic bias and protect vulnerable populations. When agreed capability threshold are crossed, deployment must be suspended until risks can be reliably managed. The Secretary General's proposal to explore an international institution capable of setting standards enabling verification and convening states when such threshold are crossed deserves a careful consideration. Third, governance must address Africa's specific vulnerability and ensure equitable access.

1:04:31 Limited computing infrastructure, unreliable connectivity, shortages of specialized expert and fragmented regulatory capacity constrain the the ability of many African states to evaluate advanced systems. modelist trained on a foreign data may misrepresent African language and context while synthetic synthetic data can inflame a social tensionist interfere in a fragile beast processes and undermine elections. Africa cannot remain merely a market for system systems developed elsewhere, a source of a raw data or a testing ground for a technology it did not help govern. We must ver we must prevent new forms of technological dependency and digital digital colonaliz colonialism by supporting a regional framework particularly partnership with African Union and strategies like the ban African AI initiative.

1:05:42 Developing countries require a targeted international cooperation, financing to bridge the digital and infrastructure, energy and skills divide alongside access to local data sets, evaluation tools and computing power. Ensuring every nation has the right to develop, choose and assess AI technology is essential for a national digital sovereignty sovereignty and our shared global stability. Fourth, the United Nation must serve as the main global as the main general for global govern AI governance. Somali supporters international norms anchored in the universal legitimacy of the UN rather than fragmented rules established by small number of technological advanced states and private corporations that risk reinforcing existing global inequalities. Global governance must uphold a people centered approach that directs AI toward human well-being and common good.

1:06:49 developing regional regionist Africa in particular must must be granted a genuine representation and a voice in these multilateral processes alongside the institution institutional and technological capacity to evaluate AI systems independently rather than relying on external determination. The measures of our success will not be the sophistication of our declaration but whether we prevent the first AI enabled crisis from becoming the next international conflict. The power of AI intelligence does not entail inevitable outcome. It shaped and and and given meaning by our values and our choices. The technology is advancing quickly. Our collective responsibility must advance faster. I thank you.

1:07:59 United Kingdom [Member]

Foreign Secretary Ed Miliband

1:07:59 Uh can I really thank you for convening this very very important uh session? And I also want to put on record my thanks to the expert speakers uh who have provided such an illuminating uh contribution uh to this session. I think we should stand back and take stock of what confronts us uh in this session of the security council because AI is a technology which undoubtedly has the power to transform our world for the better. I'm sure we all see it in our daily lives. We see it in all of our countries. But today the founders of this technology are coming to us with a stark warning. They are telling us not just that they relish the chance of this technology to do good, but they fear its ability to do harm. They are telling us in stark terms that it cannot just be left to them to prevent disaster from befalling the world.

1:09:03 I say today we cannot ignore them because they are right. Because we cannot abdicate our responsibility to our citizens. Because we cannot outsource to private companies the first duty of government to protect our people. Whatever the issue, this security council was founded to address the great collective challenges of our time. So it is for governments for governments as many of the people who have made contributions today from the tech world have said for all of us around tables such as this to work together and together with industry to deliver in the interests of the people that have sent us here and that is what the UK government is committed to doing. We must start with safety. This means working harder to ensure frontier AI models are rigorously tested and building a system of assurance around model development to allow us to establish trust that models are safe.

1:10:08 Second, transparency. The companies building the models cannot simply be left to their own devices. Governments must have the visibility to understand and assess what AI companies are doing. The leading AI companies have actually committed to provide this visibility. It's really really important and it is an offer that we and they should follow through on. Third, resilience. We have to harden our defenses to reduce the impact of AI enabled incidents. Even if we test every model, we must be prepared for AI to be misused. That includes boosting our cyber defenses, protecting critical infrastructure, and reinforcing our financial systems. And we must support our populations to manage and adjust to the disruption that AI will bring to how we live and work, as well as to harness its incredible benefits. I say today that the UK will play its full part in this process.

1:11:11 We established the first AI security institute, which shares its leading expertise, testing capabilities, and research. working handin glove with the United States and the leading labs on AI safety. As our prime minister set out yesterday, the UK will put AI at the heart of its G20 presidency next year. Building on our track record of bringing the right people together on this issue, breaking down silos between government, industry, researchers and civil society, delivering on the potential of AI for good and dealing with the risks whether in terms of the future of jobs, protecting children, cyber security, biocurity, national security or financial stability. As we also work to agreeing to working towards agreeing a set of a single set of global principles and standards to ensure the transparency and access necessary to increase our preparedness to ensure that AI development is safe and as the previous speaker said to seize potential for the global south and global north alike.

1:12:19 Let me just end on this uh point. I think overall this is not a choice between progress and safety. We are only going to be able to innovate and capture the extraordinary benefits of AI which I'm sure we all share in this room if people have confidence that the right safeguards are in place. So together we must take whatever meas measures are necessary so that AI is secure, safe and trustworthy while still advancing its incredible potential to drive growth, cure disease and transform people's life chances. I end on this point finally. We can't say we haven't been warned. We have been warned by the people who have founded this incredible technology with its huge potential for good. We must act on their warnings and we must act on their warnings together. Thank you. Show me.

1:13:33 United States [Member]

Michael Kratsios, Director, White House OSTP

1:13:33 My sincerest thanks to the Republic of France as president of the Council. Distinguished colleagues, I am grateful for another opportunity to discuss the most consequential technological development of our time, super intelligence, formerly known as AI. Our primary responsibility is to ensure that continued advances in super intelligence benefit our citizens and safeguard their liberty and way of life. The frontier of intelligence is advancing rapidly. That is not a reason to pause its further development or to constrain it with new global governance structures. As the leader in frontier super intelligence, the the US has taken actions to ensure we are able to keep the frontier moving safely and responsibly. We have engaged frontier labs on testing and evaluation of new model capabilities, established cyber security clearing houses for coordination on vulnerability mitigation, and clarified the existing law enforcement tools available to address harmful uses of super intelligence.

1:14:45 Internationally, the United States is committed to diplomacy and dialogue on emerging technologies, but international dialogue in this forum and in others cannot be allowed to drift towards global governance. As President Trump said before the General Assembly yesterday, the United States totally rejects any attempt to construct a globalist scheme of control of super intelligence. Only weeks ago, G20 innovation ministers reached consensus on the Carolina principles, agreeing that countries should preserve national sovereignty in the governance of emerging technologies, not abdicate responsibility to international bodies. The American people's representatives will legislate and regulate on the American people's behalf. You should do the same for your people. Only through an open cooperative ecosystem built on sovereign infrastructure and domestic capacity can the world realize this technology's potential.

1:15:48 US international efforts seek to build that capacity by sharing our technology and providing the tools for adoption. We want you, our allies and partners to share in the benefits from this technological revolution. That is the purpose of our exports program. The US is the only technology superpower willing and able to truly empower partner nations in your pursuit of a sovereign super intelligence capability. American companies will work with you to build gold standard secure infrastructure and help you implement the applications and development the tools and capacity you need to serve your people. In this era, technology sovereignty is realized in technology adoption. If you take the risks and benefits of super intelligence seriously, the most important thing you can do is to develop your country's ability to understand and use it. Deploy it widely.

1:16:49 Build expertise inside your government. Prepare your institutions and regulators. Understand what these systems can and cannot do. You cannot govern a technology you do not understand. This body and others like it should focus on sharing best practices to build domestic capacity, not establishing a global regulatory scheme. It is through a policy of permissionless innovation, a tireless pursuit of the frontier, and an optimism about the future of technology that the United States built the greatest innovation ecosystem ever known to man. For 250 years, the American character has sought a virtuous balance between innovation and safety, independence and security. Super intelligence is the latest in that long series of challenges and opportunities. In the service of humankind, it can become the greatest engine of growth and prosperity in history. A prosperous future will not be secured by a global regulator. It will be secured by sovereign nations that adopt super intelligence, responsible companies that build it and free people who refuse to be ruled by fear. Thank you.

1:18:24 Bahrain [Member]

Sheikh Abdulla bin Ali Al Khalifa, Acting Under-Secretary for Political Affairs

1:18:24 Mr. President, allow me at the outset to express sincere thanks and appreciation to the friendly French Republic for convening this important session. I also extend my thanks to Mr. Benjio, co-chair of the UN Independent Scientific Panel on Artificial Intelligence, Mr. Altman, CEO of Open AI, Mr. Mr. Amode, CEO of Anthropic and Mr. Dong, CEO of Hugging Face for their valuable briefings. Mr. President, discussing the implications of artificial intelligence is no longer a matter of intellectual interest. It has become an urgent necessity dictated by this council's responsibilities for maintaining international peace and security. Guided by this principle, the kingdom of Bahrain emphasized in the statement delivered by his Royal Highness Prince Salman bin Hammad al- Khalifa, Crown Prince and Prime Minister during the 79th session of the General Assembly.

1:19:32 The importance of concluding an international treaty to govern the development of artificial intelligence and ensure that it serves as a force for innovation rather than destruction. Consistent with this approach, Bahrain recently had the honor of co-hosting an interactive dialogue with France and Latvia on harnessing this technology for conflict resolution. Mr. President, we stress that the rapid evolution of artificial intelligence expands the scope of security threats, particularly when these technologies are exploited by terrorists and criminal groups. As the autonomy of these systems grows, we emphasize the need to maintain human oversight and accountability at the core of decisions with serious security implications and ensure their full compliance with international law and international humanitarian law. Unlike automated algorithms, only humans exercise reason, responsibility, and conscience and possess the ability to discern complex contexts.

1:20:41 At the same time, we must not overlook the immense opportunities to harness artificial intelligence to enhance early warning systems, monitor indicators of tension, support mediation efforts, and improve effective peacekeeping operations. We also stress the need for bridging the digital divide and facilitating technology transfer to ensure that all nations can benefit from these capabilities. In conclusion, we stress the need for the Security Council to hold to hold more regular and systematic discussions on artificial intelligence. These discussions should complement broader UN efforts to address frameworks for the development and testing of these models in line with international law. We stand ready to contribute to advancing these discussions to build a responsible and balanced international approach. One that places humans at the heart of decision making and ensures that the innovations we create today continue to serve the fe the peace we all strive to uphold in this council. Thank you, Mr. President.

1:22:07 Latvia [Member]

Permanent Representative

1:22:07 Thank you Mr. President. First of all I would like to thank the French presidency for convening this meeting on an important and extremely urgent subject for international security. briefers professor Yosha Benjer Sam Alman Dario Amade and Clemon Deong for the enlightening assessment and also the proposals for safe development of the AI. uh president, the rapid pace of AI development is already having profound impact across all domains, including international peace and security. Alongside the extraordinary opportunities that AI offers, we also see growing risks manifesting both in peace time and in conflict settings. This is a moment for collective action as we hear today and as highlighted in the call for control of frontier AI models initiated by Norway and Finland issued on Monday 2 by sec 22nd world leaders including the president of Latvia.

1:23:15 We believe that the security council has a responsibility to ensure that the implications of AI for international peace and security are fully considered without duplicating work undertaken in other four of course but today's discussion demonstrates the council's ability to convene member state science and industry leaders to address this pressing matter. President, two distinct sources of AI related risks for peace and security are becoming evident. Both demand our attention. First are the risks stemming from the misuse of AI by state and non-state actors in includes application of AI in malign cyber activities, information manipulation and even attempts to acquire destructive capabilities such as biological weapons. Second, a more novel and complex challenge as outlined by the briefers and the recent reports stems from the technology itself such as misalignment and risk of loss of control.

1:24:23 Such behavior risks are source of new forms of vulnerability including to critical infrastructure. Alarmingly, recent incidents indicate that not not only can AI systems act contrary to human intentions and interests, but they are becoming better at manipulating and deceiving humans as they do so. These challenges are not an isolated matter as they add to the already complex international peace and security landscape. actions by misaligned AI may fuel further tensions and miscalculation due to the difficulty to track, verify, and attribute them. The increasing use of AI and autonomous systems in the military domain poses additional dilemmas, particularly where reliability, control, and escalation risks intersect. President, responsible action starts at the industry level, but also with governance, clear guard rails, and capable institutions.

1:25:25 A multistakeholder approach is essential to manage risks and build trust in AI through transparency and accountability through establishment of adequate safety protocols for the development and use of AI systems through independent evaluation through connecting the government's mandate economic expertise civil society and industry innovation and all these require international cooperation coordination norms. setting exchange of best practices and capacity building is key to bridge the divide and foster interoperability. The convening of the UN global dialogue on AI governance and the establishment of the independent scientific panel on AI are important steps. Our further efforts should keep up with the pace of development of frontier AI technologies as highlighted in the call for control of frontier AI models. We need an open-minded approach by the UN member states to build on current international mechanisms and explore developing new ones.

1:26:31 The overall objective should be to ensure that technology serves people, safeguards fundamental rights and freedoms and delivers benefits that do not come at the expense of uncontrollable risks. If there is one thing that we should be able to agree on, AI must remain under human direction, oversight, and control. President, uh, considering its role in maintaining international peace and security, this council must remain actively engaged in assessing the implications of AI for global peace and security. With this technology become becoming increasingly relevant to the council's work in the area of conflict prevention and resolution, proactive approach is necessary. and building on the recent council's inform informal in interactive dialogue on on AI that was organized by Latia and France and supported by Bahrain and Greece. We are committed to taking further concrete steps. For instance, establishment of council's informal expert group that would enable more in-depth council analysis on the imp of the impact of AI related technologies on international peace and security and the implementation of the council's mandate. Latia will continue to work with interested partners on the council in the coming month. I thank you.

1:28:02 Colombia [Member]

Permanent Representative

1:28:02 Thank you, Mr. President. Colombia considers that here. We are not discussing the the benefits of artificial intelligence but um really it is the risks that come to the four the uncontrollable in of unavoidable risks and quite clearly following the briefings that we have heard the risk for humanity. Mr. President, we cannot ignore bluntly the report that we have heard is the first time this security council and is on the record for history has heard a case where machines commit crimes. This is not just a random mistake. other person if will be other company even state secrets.

1:29:04 Please try to convey the idea for those that produce intelligence or artificial intelligence that the large part of the planet does not and as such the critical infrastructure including cyber security systems will be exposed. If you read the cases that were explained to us today, we will know that it will be a crime even against the state if this will take place at a state level and it can happen. The second element uh for us and perhaps the major concern is that we haven't framed the issue correctly and we must make a refrain of the issue. I do not think and Colombia does not think that the issue here is to limit human innovation but machine innovation.

1:30:06 And I explain my words here. Different reports has telling us that we face two risks. One is misalignment and the other is the loss of control. when it comes to misalignment is that the machines are separating or are finding ways to cheat break the instructions that were given by humans that is the agents AI agents are able to do this repeatedly systematically and uh so far even in the cyber security case that we analyze they were able to reach internet and finds way ways to cheat the system. Other times they are able to find out passwords, send thousands of messages even against the company that was testing this uh machines in the sense box.

1:31:07 But the other one and the one that should be very very concerning for this council is the loss of control. So we would like to go with you with a logical narrative. We are telling us today that AI has an immense capability to storage information that is far far away from human capability. We are knowing now that given the models that we are adapting but also the design of the algorithm and the paths that we open in that design. These capabilities also allow to involve a different type of reasoning each day more complex interdisciplinary. In other words, soon there won't be any human capable of following the operation, the development of what we are creating.

1:32:12 In the first days of the models, we notice how the machine were able to pass a bar exam in three months, a medical license exam in three months. So there are no humans that we know that can do that. But at this state-of-the-art of the technology, we are facing a different type of situation which is a pass from human mistakes to machines random mistakes and we have to be aware of the risks that we are facing and assuming if that is the path we choose to take. You see the critical issue here is to know as a security council what are we regulating, why we need to regulate it and why we should do it. Most importantly, Colombia understands the position of the United States and shares partially its practical approach which is an international body oversign the sovereign production of AI is impractical for two basic reasons.

1:33:29 There are of course constitutional and national security reasons in every country. So the legal battle will be overwhelming. But secondly, if one country stops, the other says I do not. Especially those that are leading the race. For the rest of humanity, the concerns and for those that are behind but will soon catch up. The concern is what we do next. And that's where our country can perhaps offer a different approach. And again, no between an inelectable choice between safety and development, but perhaps a way to make sure that all humans on Earth are included. Not just by shedding or as we use the term adapting our countries because it seems to us in the global south that when we call about adapting is to buy a product that we will not produce and once we buy the product we can adapt our structures and infrastructures.

1:34:45 Again, partially true, but many of these countries will face an undeniable gap that will extend even a century between another country and the other if we do not participate of the production of AI. That's one issue and that's a very very important issue for the global south. We do not believe that just by adapting our infrastructure, by making it safer, we will also get rid of of the lateral and collateral problems. And that's when we come to the point today we could lose millions of jobs. That is a possibility that is being entertained even in developed countries. We have seen how AI start writing the code and that for us is perhaps the only place that we should start the regulation because no one discusses no one would say that AI is not beneficial for research, health development, technology, communications, uh cure diseases etc.

1:36:01 Well, the benefits are wide now and we are not trying to stop it. But it seems that we are reaching a new step on AI and the US is right. This is super intelligence for one particular reason only. We are about to take the step that a greater and potentially more complex technology uh quantum technology will boost artificial intelligence in the design in the model in the modeling and the development. So the risks that we are facing today I want to call the attention of the the council are pre-quantum risks. So that is before we reach that that state but we are very very close to reach that state. But the concerning side for us and perhaps this is what we will offer as a different approach rather than thinking of an international oversight. The Security Council is concerned because this technology has the potential to disrupt and create not just more inequality across the planet, including violence, but also development gaps that will lead us to other types of conflicts, including global migration, etc.

1:37:26 So we propose to you, we submit to you uh an important consideration in which perhaps we can start just for that domain because this is it. This is the moment. Autonomous design and autonomous development. This is what is really really at stake here. Should we allow that machines, AI agents take the next step that are showing by the experiments that are showing by the cases they present to us and that we that had been published actually not just today. There are many article journals these are everywhere that tell us how the the machine finds another way a different way different than humans. One will lose control. One of the major risk of risk management here which is once we do no longer understand what the machine is doing because if we go to super intelligence and we do not possess as humans such a capacity, we are assuming that we are controlling something that we cannot uh understand.

1:38:40 And one of the main elements for this technology and I listen to the all interventions today uh we want to make sure that this remain human. Well, you see that's the problem. The human brain needs to understand the information that has in front of it to make a decision. But it seems to us that we are soon going to leave that stage and we are going to leave that stage because the way the technology is being developed and this is not just a matter of ethical limits. We understand that that will be a contradictory for many and it will be also a problem in terms of legislation and regulations. Some might even see that as a rate tape etc. No, this is another step because if the machine is the one that starts leading the design, in other words, the methods, the paths, the outcomes, if this is not just and soon will not be a problem of the input and the unreachable goal.

1:39:57 In other words, it seems now that the machine is trying to just get the goal done, get things done. And to do that is finding paths that humans usually do not take one and did not instruct to take yet it find a way and it cheats and it conceals the outcome and that is a concern of course. One is that is misalignment. The second one now however is that soon and Mr. Sam Oldman really really pointed out to this risk is that the autonomous development of artificial intelligence what really means is this that machines write the code that machines find the paths that machines establish solutions and again this is pre-quantum era so it will be naive at least to say to think that we will be able to even regulate something that soon we will not understand.

1:41:02 And this is why perhaps this is the moment in history that all nations has to come together at least with one common goal. Let's keep it human. So we should agree that we want development. We might even agree that we don't want oversight. We should understand the the concerns in terms of sovereignity especially of the nations that have a greater scientific development. It is not their go their fault to be fully innovative capacities etc. But at least for the rest of humanity it should be important that we decide how far we go. This is again is is not an just an ethical country. We are not talking even about yet about human rights. Some things some some countries think that we should in terms of private etc. No, no, no. This is the next step. Are we going to allow machines to build machines to to design their own AI and if we are there already and and and that's perhaps the most important element is for the countries to decide at least that because in practice uh Mr.

1:42:15 president for many other countries particularly Latin American countries in practice this means a risk for the national production of many countries countries that that aren't producing artificial intelligence and those that have been invited to buy artificial intelligence and invest in it and probably Doing that would be the most logical path for them to modernize the infrastructure of each nation and make it as safe and secure as possible. But ultimately the question remains the same. If we have um um regulations even down to the production of a tire or a toothbrush, if we regulate the production of cars, if we um do that with nuclear weapons, the question remains the same in scientific progress including among the most important things the Einstein's uh the movement from from uh towards Einstein's special theory of relativity.

1:43:29 We not only verified that time moves differently in different spaces, but we also came to understand the uh scientific that scientific precision is based on perception. And we changed the formula from constant velocity that did not include gravity to another one that did include gravity. And we reached a scientific understanding perhaps the most important one of the 20th century without which we would not have GPS for example. But there was one characteristic common to all of those cases, including the production of nuclear weapons, and that is that human beings were always in control. Human beings understood the risks. They knew what they were doing and they knew what they were producing and that's why they regulated it. The concern for countries such as Colombia isn't scientific progress. Colombia invites investment in artificial intelligence and wants data centers in its country.

1:44:30 We are a strategic partner of various countries uh including the United States in particular and naturally we are interested in being part of this not just on the consumption side but also the production side of artificial intelligence and certainly um through the provision of rare earths as well. But there is something that goes beyond bilateral commercial or or national interests and that is the interests of humanity beyond our own time beyond our own generation generation and the time that is allotted to each and every one of us. We are here now and we need to ask ourselves this differentiated question right now. We are setting this precedent which in the view of a country such as Colombia seems to be delicate. We regulated nuclear weapons. We regulate the manufacturing of tires. We even regulate the provision of homes.

1:45:33 Anything that could jeopardize the lives of the people that use those things is regulated. So why then would we not regulate something which soon we are not even going to understand? That makes no sense. Super intelligence is not just the ability to achieve that through scientific transformation, but also the ability to have that to know when we are no longer on the same level. Thank you very much, President.

1:46:18 Democratic Republic of the Congo [Member]

Foreign Minister Thérèse Kayikwamba Wagner

1:46:18 Thank you very much, Mr. President, excellencies, ladies and gentlemen, the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Thanks Frank, thanks France as well as his excellency, Mr. Jean Noel Bu, Minister for Europe and Foreign Affairs for having convened and shared this important meeting. I also thank the briefers for their contributions to our collective reflection. Our debate takes place at a pivotal moment. Artificial intelligence is no longer merely a matter of scientific progress or economic competitiveness. Because of the speed of its developments, the scope of its applications, and its growing integration into critical infrastructure and decision-making systems, it now raises questions that directly affect international peace and security. And this reality imposes a responsibility upon us. the responsibility to anticipate risks without hindering innovation to preserve the benefits of technological progress while preventing it from becoming an additional factor of instability, vulnerability and conflict.

1:47:19 The United Nations have begun laying the foundations for this reflection. the work undertaken by the general assembly on safe secure and trustworth trustworthy artificial intelligence the establishment of the independent international scientific panel on AI and the global dialogue on AI governance as well as the security council's work on the implications of scientific and technological advances for international peace and security all of these constitute important milestones it is now our responsibility to go further from anticipation to prevention and from prevention to international cooper operation that is commeasured with the transformations underway. Presidents, the risks we face are numerous, increasingly capable and autonomous systems can create new vulnerabilities for critical infrastructure and decision-making processes. Their use in military and security contexts raises as fundamental questions of accountability, predictability, and human control.

1:48:19 We must also remain vigilant regarding the unforeseen behavior of certain systems, the possibility of circumventing security safeguards, and the growing difficulties states may encounter in understanding, assessing, and regulating technologies whose capabilities are evolving at an unprecedented pace. These issues take on a particularly tangible dimension in conflict situations. In the Democratic Republic of the Congo, as in other theaters of crisis, surveillance technologies and drones already play a growing role in the operational environment. These technologies can contribute to reconnaissance, observation, and ceasefire monitoring. They can also be diverted for military reconnaissance, coordination, disinformation, or propaganda purposes. This ambivalis reminds us of an essential truth. No technology is in itself an instrument of peace or conflict. It is the framework within which it is designed, deployed and governed that largely determines its impact.

1:49:22 That is why responsibility must remain at the heart of our reflection. States have a responsibility to establish appropriate legal frameworks, ensure effective oversight, and prevent risks that could affect international peace and security. Technology companies must also fully assume their share of responsibility, particularly through risk assessments prior to deployment, incident reporting, traceability, transparency, and maintaining appropriate human oversight. The scientific community and civil society must likewise be able to contribute their independent expertise and participate in the critical assessment of risks. But national responses, as necessary as they may be, will not suffice. Technological interdependence calls for shared responsibility. It requires closer international cooperation based in particular on the exchange of information concerning serious incidents and identified vulnerabilities, cooperation and evaluation and safety testing, as well as the establishment of communication channels among governance government scientists and technology stakeholders.

1:50:33 President, for the Democratic Republic of the Congo, this cooperation must also meet a fundamental requirement, that of inclusion. Developing countries cannot be reduced to the role of mere users of technologies designed elsewhere, nor should be the mere recipients of standards and norms that they did not adequately participate in shaping. They must possess the scientific, technical and institutional capacities that enable them to assess the technologies to which their populations and economies are exposed to participate in their governance and above all to contribute to innovation themselves. This requirement of inclusion leads us to consider artificial intelligence across its entire value chain. For despite its seemingly immaterial nature, the AI revolution rests upon profoundly material realities, infrastructure, energy, industrial capabilities, and strategic natural resources. This dimension is of particular importance to the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

1:51:36 During its presidency of the security council last July, my country invited the council to reflect on how responsible, transparent and equitable governance of natural resources can contribute to conflict prevention, supply chain security and the emergence of shared prosperity. The AI revolution gives this reflection additional relevance. We must ensure that technological transformations of the 21st century do not reproduce the economic imbalances of previous decades. Countries supplying essential resources to the global economy while processing technology and most of the added value remain concentrated elsewhere. The security of supply chains cannot be separated from the prosperity of the populations at their source. That is why AI governance must also be approached from a logic of shared responsibility.

1:52:38 Responsibility in the design of systems, responsibility in their use and responsibility within the value chains that make their development possible and also responsibility in the distribution of the benefits of technological progress. For the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the objective is clear. The resources that help make the digital revolution possible must also contribute to the development, economic transformation, industrialization, and strengthening of the technological capabilities of those countries that produce them. This is not merely a matter of development. It is also a matter of peace. When value chains are opaque and benefits are distributed unequally and when producing communities remain excluded from the prosperity generated by their own resources, economic vulnerabilities can fuel tensions and conflict economies. Conversely, when resources are governed responsibly, when local processing creates jobs and opportunities, and when populations genuinely share in the benefits of growth, supply chains can not only become more secure and resilient, but also chains of shared prosperity.

1:53:51 Mr. President, it is precisely here that the security council can bring added value. It is not the council's role to replace the appropriate bodies responsible for developing the full range of technical rules relating to AI, but it is fully within the council's remmit to anticipate the risks that may affect international peace and security, to consider how new technologies transform conflict dynamics, to protect civilians, to encourage confidence building measures, and to ensure that technological transformations do not create new vulnerabilities that could fuel and stability. Our objective must therefore not be to choose between innovation and security any more than it should be to choose between natural resources and development. Our responsibility is to govern progress so that it serves humanity. As July under the presidency of the DRC, our council reflected on how to transform natural resources which are too often associated with conflict economies into instruments of peace, cooperation, and shared prosperity.

1:54:59 Today, the AI revolution in another form puts us in front of a similar question. How can we ensure that technological progress reduces divisions rather than deepening them? How can we ensure that it strengthens states capacities rather than creating new dependencies? And finally, how can we ensure that value chains, the value chains supporting this revolution contribute to the peace and prosperity of the societies that make them possible for the Democratic Republic of the Congo? The answer must rest on three principles: shared responsibility, inclusion, and shared prosperity. As the capabilities of artificial intelligence advance, our collective capacity to govern them must advance alongside them. Because whether the subject is natural resources or artificial intelligence, the fundamental question remains the same. It is not only about what our resources and technologies enable us to do, but also about what we collectively decide to do with them and that is where our common responsibility begins. Thank you.

1:56:18 China [Member]

Permanent Representative

1:56:18 Thank you, President. I thank France for convening this meeting and thank the briefers for their presentations. Artificial intelligence or AI is an important driver of the new round of technological revolution, industrial transformation and as such brings to humanity immense convenience and opportunities for their life and productive activities while also creating new issues and challenges for international peace and security. It is incumbent upon the international community to work more closely together, attach equal importance to development and security and steer AI development for the positive for good and for humanity thereby contributing to world peace, stability, development and prosperity. I wish to underscore the following points. The first point is about respecting digital sovereignty and advocating openness for mutual benefit. As AI technology is deeply embedded in global production and supply chains and innovation networks, all countries have the right to independently choose AI technologies, products and services following the dictates of their actual needs and market principles.

1:57:25 Banding together into a petty us versus them clique in the tech sector and forcing other countries to take sides is tantamount to politicizing and instrumentalizing tech issues in the service of certain major powers attempt to maintain their technological edge through monopoly in their quest for digital hedgeimonyy. This not only hampers global tech progress to the detriment of the development rights and interests of all countries, especially smaller nations, but also increases the risk of fragmentation of technical standards and incompatibility between systems and thus putting global security in serious jeopardy. We call on all countries to enhance exchanges and cooperation, promote open source and open ecosystems, and work together for global scientific and technological advancement. My second point is about strengthening risk awareness and ensuring that AI is secure and controllable. All countries should uphold the people centered philosophy, making sure AI research, development and application are in line with the purposes and principles of the UN charter and applicable international law as well as the common values of humanity and social ethics.

1:58:40 In response to the inherent and secondary risks posed by AI, it is necessary to continuously improve improve regulatory frameworks, emergency response and crossber cooperation mechanisms and resolutely combat the malicious abuse of AI by terrorist organizations, extremist forces and transnational criminal groups. relevant businesses, especially tech giants, should fulfill their social responsibilities, counter disinformation and hate speech, and subject themselves to regulation by law and oversight by the public. Regarding AI, R&D and application in the military domain, all countries should take a prudent and responsible approach. Avoid strategic miscalculations and an arms race. Oppose the use of related weapons for indiscriminate attacks or deliberate strikes against civilians and civilian facilities and make sure that the ultimate decision making power stays with humans.

1:59:43 The third point is about upholding AI for good and strengthening technological empowerment. AI has unlocked many possibilities for addressing global challenges such as those related to climate change, food security, public health, energy transition, and natural disasters. The international community should seize this historic opportunity, support the empowerment of all industries through AI technologies and provide guidance for technological advances to better translate into improvements in public well-being. We welcome the United Nations efforts to make the best use of existing resources and apply AI technology to enhance the quality and efficiency of its work thereby providing more agile and responsive service to member states. UN field missions with the consent of the host country governments and in line with their respective mandates may use AI technology properly to strengthen their situational awareness, information analysis, risk early warning and rapid response capabilities.

2:00:46 My fourth point is about promoting fairness and inclusivity and improving global governance. AI is a shared asset for all humanity and should not become rich countries and rich people's game. We must prevent the digital and AI divides from exacerbating the development divide. Increase support for the global south. help people of all countries peacefully partake of the dividends of technological progress and make them more resilient against security risks. We must practice true multilateralism, support the UN as the main forum of global AI governance and give developing countries more representation and a bigger voice. On the basis of respecting the diversity of civilizations and the uniqueness of each country's culture, we should enhance alignment and coordination on AI development strategies, governance rules and technical standards and form a consensusbased global governance framework at an early date so as to build institutional guard rails that preserve international peace and security.

2:01:58 President China is an important practitioner in AI innovation and development and an active contributor to global governance. Since President Xi Jinping launched the global AI governance initiative, China has helped the UN General Assembly adopt by consensus the resolution on enhancing international cooperation on capacity building of artificial intelligence and tabled the AI capacity building action plan for good and for all and the AI plus international cooperation initiative. In July this year, President Xi Jinping announced at the World AI Conference that in the next five years, China will provide 5,000 opportunities in AI training and seminar programs for developing countries. build international AI application cooperation centers for Azan, the League of Arab States, the African Union, SEALC, the Shanghai Corporation Organization and BRICS, and advanced the application of the AI powered meteorological warning system named MASU in 30 countries, proposed and championed by China.

2:03:12 And in response to the call of our time, the World Artificial Intelligence Cooperation Organization or WAO for short was founded in the city of Shanghai. It is the world's first ever intergovernmental international organization dedicated to AI. We welcome more countries to join this open platform and look forward to working with all nations to help build a just and equitable system for global AI governance. Together, we can and shall create a brighter future for humanity. Thank you, President.

2:03:52 Russian Federation [Member]

Representative

2:03:52 Mr. President, we thank the briefers for their contributions to the discussion today. Artificial intelligence has become quite a trendy topic and there is virtually no one in the world who is indifferent to it. It is now being discussed in a variety of political and expert fora and the security council is no exception. However, this principal organ of the United Nations has clear limitations. First of all, it is hard to see how the generic topic of artificial intelligence is related to the council's mandate as clearly defined in the UN charter for the maintenance of international peace and security. Secondly, and equally importantly, the countries of Africa, Asia, and Latin America are under reppresented in the security council. The voice of the global south is unlikely to be heard in full. Accordingly, there is a high risk that the dominant group of Western states in the council which is interested in preserving and consolidating its technological leadership in this area will seek to impose its narrow self-serving approach on the entire international community to the detriment of the prerogative of inclusive specialized mechanisms engaged in practical work in this field.

2:05:12 And regrettably, this is already happening. One striking example is the holding of closed door summits on the so-called responsible military use of AI to which most developing countries are not invited. Finally, issues relating to both the civilian and military applications of AI technologies are complex and multi-dimensional and that is precisely why these issues should be discussed in relevant specialized fora. For instance, discussions of AI enabled cyber attacks would be more appropriate within the global mechanism established as the successor to the UN open-ended working group on security of and in the use of ICTs.

2:06:14 And for the consideration of the military aspects of AI, there is the group of governmental experts on lethal autonomous weapons systems which operates under the framework of the convention on certain conventional weapons. Would like to draw colleagues attention to the fact that the GGE in Geneva adopted a substantive consensus report just three weeks ago. This outcome serves as a practical confirmation of the effectiveness and relevance of that forum. Most importantly, the report contains a working definition of lethal autonomous weapons systems, common understandings regarding the applicability of the norms of international law to such systems, including international humanitarian law, as well as parameters for ensuring human control in order to mitigate risks associated with the military use of AI.

2:07:20 We do not believe it would be advisable to undermine the constructive work that's already been accomplished in Geneva. For our part, we are ready to continue participating actively in the group's work with the view to further aligning common approaches in this area. Mr. President, we have carefully studied the concept note for today's meeting circulated by the French presidency. We believe it is counterproductive to consider the use of AI technologies solely through the lens of risk. After all, every coin has two sides. The advantages of AI include reliability, security, and above all speed, including in decision-m. AI allows to carry out an effective analysis of large data sets. It can help to identify threats, enhance situational awareness and improve precision in the conduct of operations as well as reduce risks to the civilian population and strengthen the protection of civilian objects.

2:08:32 At the same time, of course, it must be borne in mind that this technology also entails risks. Minimizing them is first and foremost a matter of ensuring human control over the functioning of AI enabled technologies. Specific forms of such controls are determined by states in practice at the national level. Some possible means of ensuring human control include, for example, enhancing system reliability and resiliency, limiting the types of targets, restricting the duration of operation, geographical scope and scale of use, and timely intervention and deactivation of the system. In addition, steps must also undertake measures to detect and minimize errors in algorithms and data sets as well as adopt appropriate measures to prevent and suppress violations of international law in the context of the development and use of relevant technologies.

2:09:46 Such measures could include effective life cycle management of weapons systems and military equipment, establishing readiness criteria, and ensuring maximum protection from unauthorized access. We also see added value in exchanging views and developing specific recommendations and guidelines. However, it is important that this be done exclusively in relevant specialized bodies. Russia does not object to a multilateral dialogue on the applications of AI in principle and this includes the military applications of AI as well as considering the implications of the use of such tools for international peace and security. We are convinced however that such a dialogue must be based on consensus and inclusiveness and be intergovernmental in nature.

2:10:49 These fundamental principles are intended to guarantee guarantee that the interests of every member state are taken into account and to ensure that the decisions adopted are effective. Moreover, in exchanging views on this subject, a particular focus must be placed on ensuring nondiscriminatory and equitable access for all states particularly the countries of the global south to AI technologies. Thank you for your attention.

2:11:28 Liberia [Member]

Permanent Representative

2:11:28 Thank you, Mr. President. Liberia joins in thanking the presidency of France for convening this critical debate and we thank the briefers for sharing their qualified perspectives. We also join in welcoming the high level dignitaries participating. Excellencies, history teaches us that humanity's greatest transformations are never defined by technological breakthroughs alone. Every fundamental leap in capability has demanded an equal leap in governance, ethical frameworks and multilateral rules to ensure that power remains titted to the common good. Artificial intelligence presents the defining test of that timeless principle.

2:12:36 Its promise to uplift societies is immense. So too is the existential peril should its trajectory strip human control, institutional accountability and ethical oversight. 81 years ago, the architects of the United Nations Charter confronted a world fractured by unrestrained power. They recognized that sustainable peace cannot be secured merely by reacting to crisis after the smoke has cleared. It demands foresight, sustained multilateral cooperation and institutions capable of anticipating and neutralizing threats before they ignite global conflict.

2:13:49 While the delegates at San Francisco in 1945 could not have envisioned neural networks or frontier computing models, any capability that reshapes the nature of warfare, sovereignty and geopolitical stability falls squarely within this council's primary mandate to maintain international peace. peace and security. Mr. President, artificial intelligence is already reshaping critical infrastructure, global commerce, and social cohesion. Governed responsibly, these technologies can empower the United Nations, enhancing conflict, early warning mechanisms, optimizing humanitarian logistics, and strengthening peacekeeping operations.

2:15:00 Yet we observe with grave concern the proliferation of AI enabled offensive capabilities, autonomous weapon systems and frontier models exhibiting unpredictable emergent behaviors. Rapid advances toward artificial general intelligence and highly autonomous systems underscore that frontier risks are no longer abstract theoretical possibilities. They are truly eminent policy realities. The international comm community cannot afford to wait for a systemic failure or catastrophic miscalculation before establishing collective safeguards. We must not allow the cost of today's hesitation to become tomorrow's catastrophe.

2:16:08 Mr. President Labbera believes the international community must steer clear of two equally hazardous extremes. The first is suffocating overregulation that stifles progress particularly for developing nations that urgently need access to AI tools to bolster education. revolutionize health care delivery, modernize agriculture and accelerate the sustainable development goals. The second is dangerous complacency. The naive assumption that transformative technologies can safely self-regulate. History offers no precedent for such a faith. Without verifiable safeguards, transparency and clear liability, unregulated capabilities will generate vulnerabilities that respect no national border.

2:17:24 Our path is not a binary choice between innovation and regulation. The imperative before us is to ensure that technological innovation and multilateral governance advance hand in hand. We must regulate with wisdom and innovate with responsibility for Liberia. Four operational pillars are paramount. One, safety by design. Responsibility must begin at the architecture phase. Rigorous risk mitigation, cyber security resilience and fail safe controls must be embedded across the entire life cycle from pre-training to public deployment rather than improvised post crisis.

2:18:34 Two, upholding international law and human agency. Decisions involving the use of lethal force, the deprivation of human life, and the escalation of conflict must never be abdicated to autonomous algorithms. Meaningful human control and accountability remain the non-negotiable bedrock of international humanitarian law and the human dignity. Collaborative confidence building. Three, multilateral cooperation must foster trust without impeding scientific inquiry. Harmonized safety benchmarks, coordinated threat disclosures, and transparent red teaming protocols between states, industry leaders, and independent scientists are essential to mitigate strategic mistrust.

2:19:40 And four, independent verifiable oversight. norms without verification are insufficient. We require credible auditing frameworks, robust red teaming standards and independent technical evaluation to ensure that corporate and state commitments translate into measurable safety for mankind. Furthermore, Mr. President, global governance cannot become an exclusive enclave reserved for the few nations that control advanced compute and capital. Africa and the global south cannot be treated merely as data extractors or downstream end users.

2:20:40 We must be equal co-architects in determining the standards, ethics and architectures of this technological era. In this regard, Liberia welcomes the landmark initiatives advanced through the Global Digital Compact, notably the Global Dialogue on AI governance and the independent international scientific panel on AI. However, complimentary efforts in the General Assembly do not absolve this council of its specific duty. When advanced computing intersects with cyber operations against civilian infrastructure, autonomous weaponized systems and geostrategic competition, it intersects directly with international security.

2:21:41 Council engagement is not duplication. It is conflict prevention. Liberia therefore lends its strong support to the establishment of a dedicated security council informal working group on artificial intelligence and emerging technologies tasked with monitoring the crosscutting security implications of these capabilities across both thematic and country specific agendas. To conclude, Mr. President, let us act with the foresight and urgency demanded of this moment, ensuring that the most powerful technological transition since the industrial revolution serves as an enduring engine for shared prosperity and a pillar of international peace and security rather than an opportunity for further division, fraction of our world and insecurity. I thank you for your kind attention.